AI Liquid Cooling Thermal Management Solutions for Data Centers

As AI training and HPC increase computing demand, GPU power and heat density continue to rise. Ziitek delivers TIM1, TIM1.5, and TIM2 thermal interface solutions for cold plate, immersion cooling, optical modules, and bare-die designs, improving junction temperatures, reliability, and total cost of ownership.

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Solution overview

AI servers are accelerating the transition of data centers into the liquid cooling era. As GPU power consumption exceeds 700W per device, conventional air-cooling technologies are approaching their thermal limits. While liquid cooling significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency, it also raises new requirements for thermal interface materials. TIMs are no longer simple gap fillers but have become critical components that directly impact system performance, reliability, and operational costs. Leveraging extensive expertise in thermal materials, Ziitek delivers comprehensive thermal management solutions from chip level to system level.

Scene challenges

  • GPU power consumption continues to increase, resulting in unprecedented heat flux density.
  • Advanced packaging technologies and bare-die architectures create greater interface adaptation challenges.
  • Long-term thermal cycling, vibration, and coolant exposure challenge TIM reliability.
  • Data centers must balance cooling performance, energy efficiency, and maintenance costs.

Solution value

  • Reduce thermal resistance and improve GPU operating efficiency.
  • Accommodate complex tolerances and warpage for stable thermal contact.
  • Enhance long-term reliability while reducing maintenance frequency and failure risks.
  • Optimize PUE and reduce total lifecycle operating costs.

The Liquid Cooling Era: TIMs Become Strategic Components

As AI clusters continue to scale, server power consumption and thermal demands are increasing dramatically. Liquid cooling is evolving from an optional technology into a core component of AI infrastructure. In this transition, TIMs have become strategic engineering components that influence system reliability, maintenance cycles, and overall energy efficiency.

Ziitek integrated thermal management solution — from chip level to system level
Ziitek integrated thermal management solution — from chip level to system level

Cold Plate Cooling: Reliability Becomes the Primary Challenge

In cold plate cooling systems, TIMs must withstand thermal cycling, mechanical vibration, and high assembly pressure. Advanced packaging technologies such as CoWoS introduce warpage challenges that can lead to interface degradation, pump-out effects, and increased thermal resistance.

Ziitek offers PCM materials, thermal gels, thermal greases, and carbon-based TIMs to achieve low thermal resistance, high consistency, and long-term stability.

TIM1.5 Era: Challenges of Bare-Die Cooling

As AI processors increasingly eliminate IHS structures, TIM1.5 becomes the critical interface between bare dies and cold plates. These materials must provide not only ultra-low thermal resistance but also mechanical stress buffering to protect fragile dies.

Ziitek's liquid metal and liquid metal thermal compounds combine exceptional thermal conductivity with ultra-low stress characteristics, delivering ultimate cooling performance for next-generation AI processors.

Low-stress protection design for bare-die cooling
Low-stress protection design for bare-die cooling

Ultra-Soft Gap Pads: Balancing Thermal Performance and Mechanical Stress

Height differences among server components create significant thermal interface challenges. Conventional gap fillers may impose excessive stress on sensitive components such as capacitors and inductors.

Ziitek ultra-soft thermal pads deliver high thermal conductivity while minimizing compression stress, improving long-term reliability and simplifying thermal design.

Immersion Cooling: System-Level Compatibility Matters

For immersion cooling systems, TIMs must satisfy thermal performance, coolant compatibility, and long-term reliability requirements simultaneously. Interactions among TIMs, coolants, IHS structures, and system components have become critical factors affecting system lifespan.

Through long-term immersion testing, boiling fatigue testing, and system-level validation, Ziitek delivers highly reliable immersion cooling solutions.

Optical Module Cooling: The Next Battlefield in AI Networking

As 800G and 1.6T optical modules become mainstream, thermal management has emerged as a critical challenge. Materials must balance thermal conductivity, low outgassing, and repeated insertion durability.

Ziitek PCM composite solutions maintain stable thermal performance through repeated insertion cycles, ensuring long-term reliability for high-performance optical modules.

Recommended Products

ApplicationProduct P/NCore advantages
Cold Plate TIM1TIC 800T / TIC 800MUltra-low thermal resistance and high reliability
Cold Plate TIM2TIG 780-56Mature and high cost-effective
Cold Plate TIM2TIF PT150Automated production, long serving life
High Power GPUTIR 700Ultimate heat conduction performance
TIM1.5TIG 7835L / TIG 7835NLiquid metal, ultimate heat dissipation
Stress ManagementTIF 700UU / 800TU / 800XUUltra-soft and low-stress design
Immersion CoolingTIF 100CCoolant compatible
Optical ModuleTIC 800T-STHigh durability and high reliability
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